Sin
From Theopedia
"Sin is any lack of conformity, active or passive, to the moral law of God. This may be a matter of act, of thought, or of inner disposition or state," (Millard Erickson, Christian Theology, 578).
The theological term for the study if sin is hamartiology from the Greek hamartia for sin, error, or missing the mark. The Apostle Paul used the verb hamartano when he wrote, “For all have sinned, and come short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23).
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[edit] Biblical words for sin
[edit] Hebrew
The Old Testament uses 6 different nouns and 3 verbs to describe sin:
[edit] râ‛âh
This term is used more than 600 times and is most often translated as "evil" or "bad" ([Strong's ]). It carries the implication of something that is contrary to God's nature.
[edit] chaṭṭâ'âh
This term is used almost 300 times and is most often translated as "sin" or "offense" ([Strong's ]). It carries the implication of that which is deserving of punishment.
[edit] râshâ‛
This term is used more than 250 times and is most often translated as "wicked" ([Strong's ]). It carries the implication of something that is morally wrong.
[edit] ‛âvôn
This term is used more than 200 times and is most often translated as "iniquity" [Strong's ]). It carries the implication of being perverse, crooked or twisted.
[edit] pesha‛
This term is used almost 100 times and is most often translated as "transgression" ([Strong's ]). It carries the implication of rebellion.
[edit] 'âsham
This term is used more than 30 times and is most often translated as "guilty" ([Strong's ]). It carries the implication of offense or trespass.
[edit] tâ‛âh
50 hits [Strong's ] A primitive root; to vacillate, that is, reel or stray (literally or figuratively); also causatively of both: - (cause to) go astray, deceive, dissemble, (cause to, make to) err, pant, seduce, (make to) stagger, (cause to) wander, be out of the way.
[edit] pâsha‛
41 hits [Strong's ] A primitive root (rather identical with H6585 through the idea of expansion); to break away (from just authority), that is, trespass, apostatize, quarrel: - offend, rebel, revolt, transgress (-ion, -or).
[edit] shâgâh
21 hits [Strong's ] A primitive root; to stray (causatively mislead), usually (figuratively) to mistake, especially (morally) to transgress; by extension (through the idea of intoxication) to reel, (figuratively) be enraptured: - (cause to) go astray, deceive, err, be ravished, sin through ignorance, (let, make to) wander.
[edit] Greek nouns
[edit] hamartia
174 hits [Strong's ] From G264; sin (properly abstract): - offence, sin (-ful).
[edit] paraptōma
23 hits [Strong's ] From G3895; a side slip (lapse or deviation), that is, (unintentional) error or (wilful) transgression: - fall, fault, offence, sin, trespass. (Galatians 6:1)
[edit] parabasis
7 hits [Strong's ] From G3845; violation: - breaking, transgression.
[edit] asebeia
6 hits [Strong's ] From G765; impiety, that is, (by implication) wickedness: - ungodly (-liness). (Romans 1:18)
[edit] hamartēma
4 hits [Strong's ] From G264; a sin (properly concrete): - sin.
[edit] Greek adjectives
[edit] ponēros
76 hits [Strong's ] From a derivative of G4192; hurtful, that is, evil (properly in effect or influence, and thus differing from G2556, which refers rather to essential character, as well as from G4550, which indicates degeneracy from original virtue); figuratively calamitous; also (passively) ill, that is, diseased; but especially (morally) culpable, that is, derelict, vicious, facinorous; neuter (singular) mischief, malice, or (plural) guilt; masculine (singular) the devil, or (plural) sinners: - bad, evil, grievous, harm, lewd, malicious, wicked (-ness). See also G4191. (Matthew 5:45)
[edit] kakos
51 hits [Strong's ] Apparently a primary word; worthless (intrinsically such; whereas G4190 properly refers to effects), that is, (subjectively) depraved, or (objectively) injurious: - bad, evil, harm, ill, noisome, wicked. (Romans 13:3)
[edit] adikos
12 hits [Strong's ] From G1 (as a negative particle) and G1349; unjust; by extension wicked; by implication treacherous; specifically heathen: - unjust, unrighteous. (I Corinthians 6:9)
[edit] anomos
10 hits [Strong's ] From G1 (as a negative particle) and G3551; lawless, that is, (negatively) not subject to (the Jewish) law; (by implication a Gentile), or (positively) wicked: - without law, lawless, transgressor, unlawful, wicked. (I Timothy 1:9)
[edit] enochos
10 hits [Strong's ] From G1758; liable to (a condition, penalty or imputation): - in danger of, guilty of, subject to. (Matthew 5:21)
[edit] Greek verbs
[edit] hamartanō
43 hits [Strong's ] Perhaps from G1 (as a negative particle) and the base of G3313; properly to miss the mark (and so not share in the prize), that is, (figuratively) to err, especially (morally) to sin: - for your faults, offend, sin, trespass. (I Corinthians 6:18)
[edit] planaō
39 hits [Strong's ] From G4106; to (properly cause to) roam (from safety, truth, or virtue): - go astray, deceive, err, seduce, wander, be out of the way. (I Corinthians 6:9)
[edit] parabainō
4 hits [Strong's ] From G3844 and the base of G939; to go contrary to, that is, violate a command: - (by) transgress (-ion).
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Biblical Concepts of Sin by Kenneth Kinghorn
